Louis G. Deschler Company Building
135 S. Illinois Street  which has been called the national standard for large retail development in downtowns. 
1906-07; Adolf Scherrer, architect; 
J.A. Schumacher Co. contractor

The building was designed in the German Renaissance Revival style. It served as the headquarters of Deschler's wholesale and retail cigar and tobacco firm with stores in Indianapolis, Lafayette and Bloomington. Deschler (1865-1924) was a member of the Indianapolis Maennerchor which constructed its landmark German Renaissance Revival Building in 1905-06. The Deschler Building was inspired by the Maennerchor Building, designed by Adolf Scherrer, and unfortunately demolished. An elaborate festooned panel proclaims the wares of the original business: "Cigars & Tobaccos." Details include the gable's carved tablet with an owl and an heraldic shield bearing the message "EST/1883", the corbeled parapet, and four Zwerge (dwarfs) depict tamping, lighting, smoking and cleaning pipes. The limestone facade above the arch is inscribed with "Louis G. Deschler." The transom bar bears a cast bronze sign with "WHOLESALE AND RETAIL CIGARIST" in raised letters. 


 
 
 
 


Louis G. Deschler Company Building 
135 S. Illinois Street 
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)



 
 


The Louis G. Deschler Company Building 
and the Reinhardt Building incorporated 
into Circle Centre
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)

Reinhardt Building
133 South Illinois Street
1864

To the left of the Louis G. Deschler Company, the Reinhardt Building is the oldest surviving building along Illinois Street in the Mile Square. It was built by owner-occupant Peter Joseph Reinhardt, a locksmith. Since 1884 it served several different uses until its rehabilitation in 1984-85 for commercial and residential use.

The three-story, brick, Italianate building is three bays wide. The first floor facade is defined by three limestone, classical pilasters and an entablature. Two pilasters frame the entrance.  The wooden doors, transoms and display windows are reconstructions from the 1984-85 rehabilitation. The second and third story windows have reconstructed sheet-metal window hoods and 4-over-4, double hung windows; round arches on the second and segmented arches on the third.



 
 

Hotel Severin - Omni Severin Hotel
40 W. Jackson Place, 
formerly 43 West Georgia Street
1912-13; Vonnegut & Bohn, architects

At the summit of hotel quality in the Wholesale District after 1913 was the former Hotel Severin. Located just one-half block north of Jackson Place it was ideally situated to capture the favor of affluent visitors to Indianapolis. Its investors included prominent entrepreneurs of the city among them Henry Severin, Jr., heir to the Severin wholesale grocery fortune, and Carl G. Fisher, famed as the founder of the Indianapolis Speedway and developer of Miami Beach. The 13-story Severin occupied an imposing position in the Wholesale District skyline overlooking Union Station and most of the neighboring hotels. 

The twelve-story hotel is constructed of a reinforced concrete frame with brick curtain walls. Rectangular in plan it is eleven bays wide along West Georgia Street and five bays along South Illinois and McCrea Streets. The first two floors are organized into a Renaissance scheme of monumental arch windows. From the third to the twelfth floor, rectangular windows follow a uniform grid pattern.

In 1989 the original hotel was restored and the complementary east tower added to create the Omni Severin. It was reopened in 1990 retaining the historic name, after Henry Severin, Jr., whose father was an immigrant merchant.


 
 


 


Hotel Severin - Omni Severin Hotel
South Illinois and West Georgia Street
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)


Omni Severin Hotel
Entrance at 40 W. Jackson Place
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)




 
 
 


 


 
 


Ko-We-Ba Building 
Built 1918, raced
 


Ko-We-Ba Building
102-108 South Delaware St. 
1909; Rubush & Hunter, architects

The building was constructed for the wholesale grocery firm of Kothe, Welles, and Bauer Company. The firm  moved from 124-126 South Meridian where it had been since 1898. The company had been founded in 1889 by brothers George and William Kothe, Charles W. Wells and George Bauer. Both William Kothe and Wells had worked for Schnull & Krag wholesalers. The firm's line of "Ko-We-Ba" food products was widely distributed throughout Indiana and all the adjacent states. The firm remained at this location until 1924, when it moved into it's new building at 240-260 Virginia Avenue. After the Kothe, Wells and Bauer Company vacated the premises, the structure served various uses. 

The Ko-We-Ba is a four-story commercial building of brown, salt-glazed brick. It is rectangular in plan, seven bays wide along East Maryland Street, and three bays wide along its original entrance facade on South Delaware Street. The ground floor along Maryland formerly accommodated loading docks, which were protected from the elements by a functional canopy that extended to the curb. The most ornamental aspect of the building is its metal cornice, which features paired "brackets" of a type popular for early 20th century commercial buildings. The building was rehabilitated in 1983.
 

Ko-We-Ba Building,
240 East Virginia Avenue
Built 1918, raced 1999
Rubush & Hunter, architects

Built for Ko-We-Ba, the "Ko" and the "Ba" are syllables from the names of Kothe and Bauer, partners in the wholesale grocery. In today's economy, a grocery wholesaler would be unlikely to commission a high-powered architectural firm to design a warehouse, but in 1918 wholesaler Kothe, Wells & Bauer hired the renowned Rubush & Hunter to design its five-story warehouse. 

The red-brick structure with limestone trim was distinctly sited at a slant to parallel the diagonal Virginia Avenue. Ray & Mascari, a family-owned firm bought the Ko-We-Ba Building in 1975 for its tomato storage and packaging operations and found the distinguished structure highly efficient for its purposes. However, the city of Indianapolis took the Ko-We-Ba from Ray & Mascari, then had the building demolished, with the cleared site to be developed as a new corporate headquarters.


 
 
 


 
 
 


 
 


Century Building
36 South Pennsylvania Street
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)

Century Building
36 South Pennsylvania Street
1901; Samuel H. Brubaker & Company,
architects and engineers;
J. A. Schuhmaker Company, contractor.

The Century Building got its name upon construction in 1901 and earned it by lasting into the new millennium. Constructed for an investment group led by John W. & Edward Schmidt, sons of the brewer Christian F. Schmidt, the Century was designed to house the large printing presses of multiple printing companies. It represents the commercial printing industry that coexisted with the wholesale trade in the Wholesale District. It remained one of the city's printing headquarters until 1946. In 1982, the property was acquired by the Century Building Partnership. After a 10 million renovation, designed by HDG Architects, the building was reopened in 1983 as offices.

The seven-story building of orange-brown brick is rectangular in plan. It stretches eleven bays wide along its principal facade on South Pennsylvania Street and seven bays along East Maryland Street. The ground floor features a stone entrance way arch of Romanesque form originally flanked by eight storefronts of plate glass between alternating brick piers and iron columns with Corinthian capitals. Except for the projecting corner bays, the upper floors are divided vertically into repetitive bays of Chicago style windows. 
 

Majestic Building
47 South Pennsylvania Street
1894-95; D.A. Bohlen & Son, architects;
Wm. P. Junclaus, contractor

Its name captured how the public viewed it-the Majestic Building. It was the city's first skyscraper with its 13 stories and remained the tallest building until the completion of the Merchant's National Bank Building in 1913. The Majestic was designed by D.A. Bohlen & Son as a headquarters for the Indianapolis Gas Company. In 1980 the building was individually listed in the National Register and rehabilitated.

This ten-story office building of steel frame structure is basically square in plan with an east/west lightwell from second to tenth floor levels cut from the east elevation. The two principal facades are of Bedford limestone, the west facade on South Pennsylvania Street being symmetrical in design, while the south one on East Maryland is asymmetrical; the two other elevations are of common brick. The horizontal division of floors into design units and the three part rhythms of composition mask the verticality of the building. The style relies upon an eclectic interpretation of classical elements. The carved ornamentation of the entrance, spandrels, and attic frieze features delicate garlands, festoons, and a fluttering ribbon motif. All window openings are rectangular, except for the round arches of the entrance ways, the three central bays of the seventh floor, and the arcade corner bays of the ninth floor. The building formerly exhibited a deep bracketed cornice and iron work balconies at the ninth floor's arcaded bays.
 


 


 
 


Majestic Building
47 South Pennsylvania Street
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)


 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 


Christian A. Schrader Building 
& Nutz & Grosskopf Building
next to Conseco Fieldhouse
South Pennsylvania Street
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)

 

Christian A. Schrader Building 

101-105 S. Pennsylvania Street 
1910; William P. Jungclaus, contractor

Located at the SE corner of Maryland and Pennsylvania Sts., D.A. Bohlen & Son designed this Romanesque Revival building for the Schraders' wholesale grocery firm.  The builder was William P. Jungclaus, the city's leading contractor.

At the beginning of the new century a number of wholesale firms including the C.A. Schrader Company, outgrew rented quarters and built large, imposing headquarters. The C.A. Schrader Building was erected in 1901 on the site of a former junkyard by William J. Jungclaus after the designs of D.A. Bohlen & Son. The Company remained here until 1953 when it moved to a new facility. Christian A. Schrader and his brother, Henry F. organized this wholesale grocery firm under the name of Schrader Brothers. After  Henry's death, Christian renamed the firm C.A. Schrader Company. John and C.S. Ober of the Business Furniture Corporation (BFC) purchased the building in 1955. After remodeling the building the BFC moved in. The corporation was founded by C.S. Ober in 1922 and was previously located nearby at 112 East Maryland.

The six-story wholesale building features two principal facades: that on South Pennsylvania Street is four bays wide, while that on East Maryland Street is seven bays wide. Two-story piers of rusticated stone blocks divide the window walls of the first two floors, while all upper floors are of tan color brick. At the third, forth, and fifth floors, rectangular windows with stone lintels and sills are paired to correspond to the division of bays. At the arcaded sixth floor, the grouping of windows in threes is accentuated by gauged brick archivolts. The most disinguishing feature of the building are the copper pyramidal roofs displaying squire windows at attic level.


 
 

 

Nutz & Grosskopf Building

107-109 South Pennsylvania Street
1906-07

This building was erected by Nutz & Grosskopf, a wholesale leather firm, specializing in "leather and findings and shoe store supplies." Nutz & Grosskopf was founded by two German immigrants from Baden. The business remained in the building until the early 1950s. The building was rehabilitated in 1984-85 to accommodate a restaurant and additional space for the Business Furniture Corporation.

This four-story commercial brick building features red-orange, iron-spot brick as the facade material. The main facade is divided into two bays. The storefront consists of two shop windows flanked by glazed doors with transoms framed by end brick piers and crowned with a limestone, corbeled cornice. This cornice also serves as the sill band for the second-story windows. At the second and third stories are two window units consisting of double, center pivot, casement sash with a single full width transom sash above on both the second and third floors. The third floor is part of the limestone decorated parapet with a blind arcade corbel table with limestone accents echoing some of the details of the neighboring building. 

Holland and Ostermeyer Building
29 E. Maryland Street
1867-68

The former Holland and Ostermeyer Building (architect unknown) is a remnant of a long block of 1860s wholesale houses. John W. Holland and Frederick Ostermeyer purchased the site for their wholesale grocer business from Henry Schnull and then built the present unit as part of a larger block.


 
 



Holland and Ostermeyer Building
29 E. Maryland Street
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)
 


 


L.S. Ayres and Co. Building
South Meridian Street
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)

L.S. Ayres and Co. Building
South Meridian Street

Parisian, a Circle Centre anchor, made its home in this landmark, long associated with a competitor. L. S. Ayres was downtown's retail powerhouse-an eight story department store that grew with additions to the west and south before closing in 1992. Generations have relied on the ornate clock at Meridian and Washington for the time of day and for an uplifting tradition; each Thanksgiving Eve a 120 pound bronze cherub appears perched atop the clock where it remains until Christmas Eve. 

 

Big Four Building/Hampton Inn

105 South Meridian Street
1929-30; D. A. Bohlen & Son, architects; 
Alexander Sangernebo, sculptor

Built for the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway, also known as the Big Four Railroad, the building was located in the Wholesale District to be close to the Big Four Railroad's freight and passenger operations to the south. When completed, the more than 6,200 railroad employees of the New York Central who lived in Indianapolis, occupied seven floors of the nine-story building. In 1996 it was reconverted and opened as a hotel.

The nine-story building is built of concrete frame, floors, and  roof. Rectangular in plan, it is eleven bays wide along East Maryland Street and three bays wide on South Meridian. In contrast to the brown brick, the first two floors are clad in stone with stylized, low relief ornamentation at the second floor. The greatest concentration of ornamentation occurs above the ninth floor with terra-cotta detailing that features fluted and reeded motifs. In placement, texture, and spirit, this ornamentation exhibits features of both the Art Deco and Gothic styles.


 
 
 
 
 



Big Four Building/Hampton Inn
105 South Meridian Street
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)
 


Facade of Vajen's Exchange Block, 1872
Nordstrom Block of the Circle Center Mall
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)

Detail at Facade of Vajen's Exchange Block
It was built to house a grain exchange 
symbolized in its cast-iron ornaments.
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)

Vajen's Exchange Block
100 Block S. Meridian Street 
1872 

The Meridian Street frontage of Nordstrom, a Circle Centre anchor, includes four historic facades in a row, with three (Malott, Schnull-Rothschild, Crane) in their original locations. The Vajen's Exchange Block was originally located on 124-126 N. Pennsylvania Street. 

The Hardware merchant John H. Vajen (1828-1917), an immigrant from Bremen, had this commercial building constructed in 1872. This spectacular place housed retail shops and a grain exchange. It featured a three-story cast-iron facade in the popular Italianate Style. It was demolished in 1980 to make way for the Bank One Tower. Eleven of the block's thirteen bays were integrated into the Circle Centre Mall in 1994 and are now a part of the Nordstrom Block. 

The Malott Building facade stands where it did in the 19th century. Banker and railroad industry leader Volney Malott shared Henry Schnull's vision for the commercial prospects of the area around Union Station. He constructed the Malott Building in 1896 as an investment property.



 
 


Facade of Malott Building (right)
Facade of Schnull-Rothschild Building (center)
Facade of House of Crane (left) 
Nordstrom Block of the Circle Center Mall 
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)


Schnull-Rothschild Building
122 S. Meridian Street
1866-67, demolished 1990

Henry Schnull, the "father of the Wholesale District", built this commercial structure as a rental property in 1866-67. It housed a variety of wholesale businesses over time and was part of Schnull's plan to establish the Wholesale District along South Meridian Street.

Originally constructed, it was part of a 3-story commercial block, and indistinguishable from its neighbor to the south (House of Crane) at 124-126 South Meridian Street. The fourth floor was added early in the twentieth century. 
On July 27, 1866 Edward Beck, had secured the right "to erect a building of brick and masonry work," to share the design of its facade with the building to its north, which was built by Schnull. The wholesale grocery firm of Kothe, Welles, and Bauer Company (Ko-We-Ba) moved from 124-126 South Meridian where it had been since 1898 to South Delaware St. It was succeeded in 1911 by "The House of Crane," cigar wholesalers. 

Both buildings were demolished to make room for the Circle Centre  Mall, but the facades were dismantled, restored, reconstructed and integrated into the Nordstrom Block.
 


 
 
 


Hibben, Hollweg & Company Building
141-143 S. Meridian Street
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)

Hibben, Hollweg & Company Building
141-143 S. Meridian Street 
1911-12: Vonnegut & Bohn, architects

Designed by Vonnegut & Bohn, this is the largest of the historic wholesale buildings. Louis Hollweg founded the dry goods firm with Hibben in the 1890s, but had established his reputation with a wholesale china and glassware firm the generation before.
 

 

Kipp Bros Wholesale

240 S. Meridian Street
1880

Kipp Bros was one of the last remaining wholesalers in the Wholesale District until it moved to the outskirts of the city in 2000. The firm has been in the toy and novelty wholesale business since its founding in 1880 by German immigrant brothers Robert and Albrecht Kipp.



 


Kipp Bros Wholesale 
240 S. Meridian Street
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)
 


 


 
 


Rusch Building 
243-247 S. Meridian Street
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)

Rusch Building
243-247 S. Meridian Street
1867-68

This first generation wholesale house was an investment of Westphalian-born Frederick Paul Rusch. He had immigrated to this country in 1853 at age 19 and dealt in flour, feed and garden seeds. By the autumn of 1857, he had amplified the scope of his business through the buying and shipping of grain to become a leading produce and commission dealer on West Washington Street. Rusch purchased the lot and erected this building during 1867-68 as an investment; his enterprise never occupied it. 
The choice of a stone facade for a brick wholesale building was unusual in Indianapolis in the 1880s; its survival to the present day renders the Rusch Building a rarity. The structure is a typical three stories high, six bays wide, with a brick load-bearing wall dividing the building into a "double.
 

 

Concordia House-Slippery Noodle Inn
372 S. Meridian Street
(Photo by Ruth Reichmann)

Concordia House-Slippery Noodle Inn

372 S. Meridian Street
1863-64 

The oldest surviving hotel in the Wholesale District is also the oldest hotel building left in Indianapolis. Originally named Concordia House, the building later became known as Tremont House and then as Germania House. The Concordia House was erected south of the old depot to be close to the "eating houses" and railroad offices located in the southern portion of the depot. In the 20th century, the Germania House was operated primarily as a rooming house and bar/restaurant for neighborhood patrons. 

The bar, now called "the Slippery Noodle Inn, was cited in 1977 by Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana as the oldest continuously operating bar/restaurant in the state and as one of the oldest surviving commercial buildings in the downtown. 

Faux-stone siding covering the brick facades was removed in the 1987 rehabilitation, revealing the original store fronts and the segmented arched opening. It is the only building of this type surviving in the district. With its roof form it is more characteristic of the residential buildings preceding the full commercial development of the district.


 
Sources: Wholesale District Historic Area Plan: A part of the Comprehensive Plan for Marion County, Indianapolis Historic Preservation Commission, 1990
 
Indianapolis Regional Center Draft Plan 1990/2010, Department of Metropolitan Development, Division of Planning, Indianapolis-Marion County, Indiana, 1991

William R. Selm, Wegweiser: A Self-Guided Tour of German-American Sites in Indianapolis, Published by Indiana German-Heritage Society, Inc., 1998


Updated: 17 November 2007, BAS
Comments to: IUPUI Max Kade German-American Center, mkgac@iupui.edu
This page sponsored and maintained by IUPUI University Libraries.
URL: http://www.ulib.iupui.edu/kade/wholesale.html

IUPUI School of Liberal Arts

IUPUI University Library

IUPUI Home Page